The dawn of the artificial intelligence (AI) era is often compared to transformative technological advancements such as the steam engine, electricity, and the personal computer. These innovations reshaped industries and daily life, and AI is poised to make an equally revolutionary impact, particularly on global productivity. While the effects of AI are still unfolding, experts believe that its ability to significantly boost productivity could happen in record time—just seven years, compared to decades for earlier technological revolutions.
This optimism comes at a critical juncture in the global economy. Post-pandemic, many countries are grappling with stagnating growth, rising inflation, and mounting debt, alongside the fundamental issue of declining productivity. In fact, several international agencies have noted that the productivity decline following the global economic downturn is unprecedented in recent history. Yet, AI is emerging as a way of hope, offering the potential not only to reverse this trend but to propel productivity to unprecedented heights.
The Economic Impact of AI: A Long-Awaited Leap
The global economy has struggled with low productivity growth for over a decade. For example, U.S. labour productivity growth averaged just 1.68% from 1998 to 2007, a period during which significant technological innovations like the internet and personal computers began to take root. But since 2010, productivity growth has fallen further, dipping to 0.38% between 2010 and 2019.
Some forecasts suggest that generative AI alone could add between $2.6 trillion and $4.4 trillion to the global economy
In this environment, AI is seen as the key to unlocking a new wave of economic efficiency. According to recent reports from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), AI technologies are expected to drive a substantial increase in global productivity. Some forecasts suggest that generative AI alone could add between $2.6 trillion and $4.4 trillion to the global economy.
To understand the potential of AI in the context of productivity growth, it’s useful to compare it to previous technological breakthroughs. The steam engine, for example, took about 60 years to fully transform productivity in manufacturing. Personal computers accelerated productivity growth over 15 years. By contrast, AI is expected to have a profound impact on productivity within just seven years.
Generative AI and Its Promising Future
Generative AI is a form of artificial intelligence that creates new content—whether it’s text, images, or even software code—based on patterns learned from large datasets. The speed with which generative AI is advancing is extraordinary. ChatGPT, released in November 2022, was quickly followed by a more advanced version, GPT-4, and other breakthroughs have appeared throughout 2023. This technology is expanding rapidly, with the capability to process tens of thousands of words in a minute, creating a powerful tool for automating complex tasks.
The applications of generative AI are vast and varied. In the business world, AI systems are already transforming industries like customer operations, marketing, software engineering, and research and development. The banking sector, for example, is projected to see an annual revenue increase of $200 billion to $340 billion through the adoption of AI. The retail and consumer goods sectors could see similar gains, potentially adding up to $600 billion annually.
AI’s potential to automate routine tasks could also free up significant amounts of time for human workers. Studies indicate that generative AI could automate between 60% and 70% of the tasks currently performed by employees, dramatically increasing efficiency. For knowledge-based workers, particularly in high-wage and high-skill sectors, AI is poised to amplify productivity by reducing time spent on routine tasks, such as data analysis, customer service, and administrative work.
Transforming Labour Markets: A Double-Edged Sword
However, the rapid rise of AI is not without its challenges, particularly when it comes to labor markets. Many fear that the widespread adoption of AI could lead to massive job displacement, especially in developed countries where white-collar jobs are more susceptible to automation. According to the IMF, while 30% of U.S. jobs may be at risk of automation by AI, only 13% of jobs in India are likely to be affected, reflecting the differing technological capabilities and labor market structures across the globe.
At the same time, AI’s integration into the economy is expected to create new job opportunities, especially in fields that require advanced technical skills, such as AI development, data science, and cybersecurity. This pattern mirrors historical trends: when previous technological revolutions disrupted the labor market, they also created entirely new industries and job categories. A recent study by MIT found that 60% of the jobs in America today did not exist in 1940, highlighting the constant evolution of the labor market in response to technological innovation.
AI’s Role in Healthcare: Beyond Productivity
AI’s potential extends far beyond traditional sectors like manufacturing or finance. The healthcare industry stands to benefit greatly from AI’s ability to analyze vast amounts of medical data quickly and accurately. For example, AI systems can assist doctors by analyzing scan reports, identifying patterns, and recommending treatment protocols. AI can also reduce the burden of administrative tasks, such as summarizing doctors’ notes and processing insurance claims, thereby improving productivity in healthcare settings while also reducing costs.
Generative AI is now widely recognized as a general-purpose technology (GPT), similar to electricity or the personal computer
Such advancements could lead to significant improvements in healthcare delivery, making it more efficient and cost-effective. This would not only improve outcomes for patients but also contribute to economic growth by lowering healthcare costs for both consumers and governments.
The Path Forward
Generative AI is now widely recognized as a general-purpose technology (GPT), similar to electricity or the personal computer. These technologies have historically contributed to broad-based productivity growth across multiple sectors. The key to AI’s success as a GPT lies in its ability to integrate seamlessly with existing technologies and applications across various industries, driving continuous innovation and productivity gains.
The widespread adoption of AI in industries like logistics, manufacturing, education, and even creative arts has the potential to revolutionize how businesses operate and how workers contribute. As businesses continue to integrate AI into their processes, the resulting efficiencies will likely lead to increased competition, lower prices, and higher wages for workers in industries that embrace these changes.
AI’s transformative potential for global productivity cannot be overstated. Just as the steam engine and personal computers reshaped industries and economies, AI is positioned to trigger an unprecedented leap in productivity across nearly every sector. While challenges related to job displacement and economic inequality remain, the promise of a future in which AI drives substantial economic growth is undeniably exciting.
As AI continues to evolve, it is crucial for businesses, policymakers, and workers to embrace this change, adapting to new technologies and fostering an environment that allows AI to reach its full potential. The future of productivity is unfolding before us, and AI will be at the centre of this revolution.
EP Staff is the editorial team at EdPublica, an independent media organisation focused on science, education, environment and public policy. The team produces evidence-based news, features, explainers and analysis on issues that shape society and everyday life.
Digital Detox: Why Taking a Break From Screens Matters
A digital detox can help children and adults reduce screen dependence, reconnect with nature and relationships, and create space for reflection and creativity.
A digital holiday can offer a practical pause from screens and constant connectivity. From children to working professionals, taking regular time offline can help rebuild attention, creativity, relationships and a healthier balance with technology. A digital detox can help children and adults reduce screen dependence, reconnect with nature and relationships, and create space for reflection and creativity.
Imagine a day without digital devices. Those of us who grew up in the 1990s remember the shift firsthand — from writing letters with ink pens to typing messages on social media and making video calls. Artificial intelligence and rapid technological change now touch nearly every part of daily life, and an internet-first era has drawn humanity into a globally connected network. We ask AI chatbots for advice on everything from recipes to relationships. Yet the love of books and literature hasn’t disappeared — it has simply changed form. Audiobook platforms have grown fast, gaining listeners who once preferred print. At the same time, attention spans are shrinking as short-form video reshapes how we consume information. In an era built around likes, shares and instant search results, there is a real case for finding a better balance between online and offline living.
Children under 16 in particular need more exposure to offline living, and less dependence on screens. Time away from devices helps children build social skills, sharpen critical thinking, and learn to approach problems from multiple angles — all of which support holistic personal development.
Of course, context matters. During the Covid-19 pandemic, online education became the only option once lockdowns were imposed, and digital learning kept formal education running when nothing else could. But in a post-pandemic world, governments are increasingly reconsidering how much unsupervised screen time is appropriate for children. China’s “minor mode” framework restricts screen time by age; the United Kingdom has moved to ban social media for under-16s from 2027; and New Zealand has introduced legislation to do the same. In India, Karnataka announced in its 2026 state budget that it would ban social media use for under-16s, and Goa’s government has said it is studying a similar move. The details of enforcement remain unsettled in most of these cases, but the direction of the debate is clear: policymakers across the world are actively discussing how to limit children’s social media access. A middle path — rather than an outright ban — is worth considering.
Digital Detox Awareness
Schools are well placed to lead here. A monthly digital detox awareness session, run by trained resource persons and built around hands-on, creative activities, could help draw out children’s imagination while gently reducing screen dependence. Students could keep a diary of their experience — what they noticed, what they missed, what surprised them — during each digital detox day. Over time, schools could even form “digital holiday clubs” to mark one day a month as a shared offline day. Practised consistently through school life, this could help a generation grow into adults with more clarity of thought and purpose — provided they use that offline time for something creative and productive, rather than simply waiting it out.
In practice, a life entirely without the internet isn’t realistic for most of us. But digital minimalism is achievable, and a single digital holiday once a month is a reasonable place to start. Switching off completely for one day can open space for new ideas and reconnect us with the natural world.
That day can also be a chance for self-reflection — a deliberate pause to look inward. It can be used to build a skill: writing, cooking, dancing, whatever draws you. It’s an opportunity for offline meetups with friends and family, for cycling a short distance, for reading a book purely because you chose it, not because an algorithm suggested it. A digital holiday can help you rediscover what actually matters to you and reset your priorities. It also strengthens real relationships — the kind built through presence, not notifications — and leaves room for practices like yoga and meditation that support genuine mental peace.
Digital Detox Is Harder for Working Professionals
For working professionals, this is harder. Most of us are running behind deadlines, structuring our days around work and family obligations already. Stepping outside that loop, even for a day, takes real intention. But the practice of digital detox is worth the friction — it teaches delayed gratification and reintroduces us to the quieter pleasures of offline living.
None of this is a case against technology. Instant messaging and the broader digital revolution have made services faster and more accessible than ever, and that’s worth acknowledging. But speed and convenience come with a cost if we let them: information overload, and an over-reliance on AI chatbots for decisions that deserve real human judgement. Blindly following AI-generated advice isn’t something to encourage. The internet is a necessity now — but that makes the case for balance stronger, not weaker.
Reconnect with nature. Spend real time with the people who matter to you. And once in a while, take the leap: switch off for a day, and notice the difference it makes.
Nearly three months after the Halma, Kesarpura's pond is brimming with water despite scanty rainfall. Photo: Mukesh Porwal, Block Facilitator, VAAGDHARA
About 22 kilometres from the Petlawad block headquarters in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh, the village of Kesarpura has a story to tell, one about the confidence of an entire community. A Halma was held here on 19 May 2026, and what followed convinced the village that the solution it had long sought from outside had been within it all along.
Halma is a word from the Bhili dialect, often translated as a “call for help”, and it means collective voluntary labour. When a family in the Bhil community is weighed down by a burden, whether raising a house, bringing in a harvest or facing a calamity, the word goes round the village and people come, unpaid and with their own tools, to stand by them. The message is simple: you are not alone. In Jhabua the tradition has also been turned to the work of saving water. Since 2009 the local organisation Shivganga has organised large Halmas for soil and water conservation, and one in February 2020 drew some 20,000 people from about 500 villages.
Kesarpura’s only pond had been waiting for exactly this tradition. Years of neglect had left it so choked with silt and weeds that its depth was shrinking, and so was its capacity to hold water. Seepage through one stretch of the embankment quietly drained away the rainwater it collected. This is a tribal district, where Scheduled Tribes made up about 87 per cent of the population at the 2011 Census, and a hilly one: as the district administration itself notes, water runs off the slopes instead of being held by the soil, so even good rainfall can leave villages short of water. In such a landscape a failing pond meant a direct threat to a full year of farming and to the water that livestock depend on. As summer set in, the pond bed would fill with cracks, and the village’s hopes would drain away with it.
Before the Halma: a dry pond bed, heaps of silt and seepage along the embankment.Photo: Mukesh Porwal, Block Facilitator, VAAGDHARA
The village knew the problem was big, but it also knew the solution lay in its own hands. With the support of the Gram Swaraj Samuh, a village self-governance group of ten women and ten men formed by VAAGDHARA, it was decided that a Halma would be held at the pond. The idea was not new to the area: less than a fortnight earlier, on 6 May, villagers of Borpada, also in Petlawad, had used a Halma to clear a silted public well after repeated appeals to the panchayat brought no result. On the morning of 19 May, Kesarpura showed its true strength.
It began not with speeches or formal announcements but with the beat of the dhol, kundi and thali. A rally wound through the village. Children ran ahead carrying a banner that read “Traditional Halma Method,” with the slogan beneath it: “Save water regularly, and the future is secure.” Behind them walked elders, youth and women, with someone from every household carrying a pickaxe, a spade or a metal pan.
The rally sets out to the beat of the dhol and thali, with a banner reading “Traditional Halma Method”; enthusiastic children lead the way.Photo: Mukesh Porwal, Block Facilitator, VAAGDHARA
Around 150 people gathered at the pond for the Halma. There is no attendance register and no list; people come of their own accord and leave having done more than they thought they could. Under the blazing sun, heads were covered with gamchas and dupattas, yet faces glowed instead of showing fatigue. The work divided itself. Some waded into the pond to cut the weeds, others dug out silt with pickaxes and spades, and the silt was loaded into pans and basins and handed to a long line of women. The pans passed from hand to hand and head to head, and the silt made its way out of the pond.
Men wielding pickaxes and spades on the pond bed, while women stand in line holding pans.Photo: Mukesh Porwal, Block Facilitator, VAAGDHARA
Women with faces covered and pans on their heads, carrying silt without a thought for the sun. Photo: Mukesh Porwal, Block Facilitator, VAAGDHARA
The role of women was the most remarkable part of the scene. Amid their household responsibilities, they stayed at the pond all day. Recalling that day, Basanti Ninama says that when the dhol sounded she could not sit at home, and standing in line with a pan on her head, it felt like work in her own courtyard.
“I was tired, but my heart felt light. I felt I was doing something for my village.”
– Basanti Ninama
Everyone also worked together to pile soil on the embankment where water had been seeping out, pressing it down and strengthening it. Clearing silt and weeds and strengthening the earthen bund are the standard steps in restoring a village pond, and those who know water conservation understand that the strength of the embankment and the depth of the pond decide how long a water body lasts. When noon came, the tools were set down, but the bond of togetherness did not break. Lunch, too, was cooked by everyone together on the pond’s bank. The women wove plates from tree leaves, and then everyone sat in a long row on colourful mats. An elderly woman and a small child ate the same meal on the same mat, and the true meaning of Halma came alive right there. Here, trust takes the place of accounts, and hard work and celebration blend into one another.
Women making leaf plates: even the preparation of the meal was a collective effort.Photo: Mukesh Porwal, Block Facilitator, VAAGDHARA
The simplicity of the leaf plate is a lesson in itself. A plate made from tree leaves leaves no plastic waste and needs no water for washing. Leaf plates have long been part of community feasts across India, and researchers describe them as a renewable alternative to plastic disposables. At an event whose very purpose is to save water, this goes beyond symbolism and becomes practice. Traditions often carry such eco-friendly solutions quietly, without any announcement.
Those who restored the pond that day included Basanti Ninama, Ganga Ninama, Surta Ninama, Sundar Mavi, Anadu Maida, Devli Mori, Phula Katara, Seema Maida, Anita Katara, Kala Ninama, Sukhram Maida, Ukarlal Maida, Mansingh Ninama, Ukar Ninama, Laxman Ninama, Dilip Vasuniya, Gendu Mori, Khima Mori, Anil Maida and Sunil Katara. Though they differ in age and family, their experiences seem threaded on a single string. For Ganga Ninama it was an emotional day: generations of her family have drunk this pond’s water, and it pained her to see it buried under silt.
“The day the pond was cleaned, I felt we had repaid our debt.”– Ganga Ninama
For men like Sukhram Maida and Anil Maida, the experience changed the way they thought. They used to believe that work on the pond was the government’s job, but on the day of the Halma they realised that when a village comes together, it has no one to wait for. “Before the Halma, we thought the government would do this work. This time we understood that when the village becomes one, we don’t have to wait for anyone.”– Anil Maida. The thought was not unique to Kesarpura: at the Samuh meeting in Borpada, someone had remarked that waiting for the government could cost another three years.
“It was very hot, but nobody complained. We want our children to see how work for the village is done.”– Devli Mori
During the event, Paramesh Patidar, Implementation Leader at VAAGDHARA, spoke with the villagers and explained that Halma is not merely voluntary labour but a tradition of standing by one another in joy and sorrow and sharing collective responsibility.
Behind the scenes, Block Facilitator Mukesh Porwal and his team also played a vital role, working at every level from mobilising people to planning the work. The steady guidance of Team Leader Dharmendrasingh Chunawat gave direction to the entire effort.
After the Halma the village returned to its routine, but nobody expected the result to show so soon. The monsoon turned out weaker than hoped. The India Meteorological Department had forecast a below-normal season, and by late July Jhabua was among the Madhya Pradesh districts reporting rainfall 33 to 45 per cent below normal; by 9 September the district’s shortfall stood at about 36 per cent. There was every fear that the pond would once again be left only partly filled. But about three months later, around August 2026, when villagers looked towards the pond, it was filled to the brim with water.
Where dust once flew, calm water now stretches far into the distance; the green grass sprouting along the edge is proof of life’s return.Photo: Mukesh Porwal, Block Facilitator, VAAGDHARA
The greatest joy was that the seepage through the embankment had also stopped. The water that came had stayed. For farmers like Sunil Katara and Mansingh Ninama, the meaning was direct: their fields will get irrigation and their cattle will have drinking water.
It is worth asking why such ponds last. Studies of India’s water infrastructure describe a recurring cycle of construction, neglect and rebuilding, with upkeep after construction as the weak link, and village ponds that were once maintained by the communities who used them fell into disrepair as that responsibility moved elsewhere. Experience shows that when a water structure is built from outside by a contractor, its upkeep often becomes nobody’s responsibility; the embankment breaks, the silt returns, and within a few years the pond can be back to its old state. A structure built through voluntary labour creates an emotional bond. Someone who has put soil into it with their own hands cannot bear to see it deteriorate. This is Halma’s greatest invisible achievement: along with the structure, it raises a whole generation of guardians. One good season in a poor monsoon is encouraging, but it is early evidence rather than proof; how long the pond lasts will depend on the desilting and embankment care the village now commits to.
The hopes ahead are considerable. In the rabi season, when fields need water the most, this stored water can become the farmers’ mainstay. With water standing in the pond, groundwater levels in nearby wells and hand pumps may also improve; case studies of desilted village ponds in Maharashtra’s Marathwada region report that nearby borewells recharged and the irrigated area grew in both the kharif and rabi seasons. Greenery is returning to the embankment, and guarding it is now the village’s shared responsibility. Remove the silt, bind the embankment, hold the rain, raise the groundwater, then irrigate the fields: this entire cycle of water conservation now appears to be complete in Kesarpura.
Greenery on the strengthened embankment, with still water on one side.Photo: Mukesh Porwal, Block Facilitator, VAAGDHARA
One sees the tradition of the elders and the labour of the young, the support of women and families, and above all a collective resolve to do something for one’s own village.
Kesarpura’s story is a reminder that development does not always wait for help from outside. In a country where, by NITI Aayog’s 2018 assessment, some 600 million people face high to extreme water stress, and where even large investments in water structures struggle with upkeep once they are built, examples like this show that the key often lies in local knowledge and community ownership. Three things together have given this pond a new lease of life: tradition meeting present-day need, institutions staying in the role of facilitators (in Borpada, too, the Samuh gave villagers room to decide for themselves rather than handing them ready-made answers), and a village that regards its resource as its own. Halma did not remove only silt and weeds from Kesarpura’s pond; it rekindled hope in people’s hearts, and today that hope is as clear as the pond’s water.
India to Push Indian Sign Language Into Everyday Life
From an ISL rendition of Vande Mataram to school lessons, books and digital learning, new initiatives are widening the place of Indian Sign Language in everyday life for deaf people.
Hands demonstrate Indian Sign Language, reflecting efforts to make communication and public life more accessible to deaf people. Representational image. Image credit: Rdne/Pexels
When Vande Mataram was presented in Indian Sign Language (ISL) at this year’s Sign Language Day event in New Delhi, it was more than a ceremonial performance. It showed how a familiar part of public life can be made accessible through a visual language. But the larger story lies elsewhere. Alongside the ISL rendition, the event brought out a range of new resources, for young children, school students, readers, teachers, interpreters and people accessing educational content online. Together, they point to an effort to take ISL beyond specialised spaces and into more routine parts of life.
India had about 50.7 lakh people with hearing disability, according to the 2011 Census. The figure includes people who were deaf as well as those with difficulty hearing. The Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD) has called for ISL to become part of “everyday citizenship”, so that deaf people can take part in public life without communication barriers, said Additional Secretary Manmeet Kaur Nanda.
A Child’s First Lessons
Some of the new material begins at the earliest stage of education. “Sanket Vatika” visual books have been introduced for children aged 3–6. There is also new teaching material for courses that prepare ISL interpreters and teachers. For schoolchildren, ISL videos now cover content from 14 textbooks for Classes 1–6. The material includes 100 personalised adaptive learning videos. Concept-based videos have also been prepared for Classes 9–12.
A visual chart showing hand signs for the English alphabet in sign language, illustrating how hand gestures can convey letters through visual communication. Image credit: Pexels
The idea is to build resources across different stages of schooling rather than leave gaps as children move from one level to another.
More Than Classroom Material
The move into ISL is also reaching books. Three hundred National Book Trust titles have been made accessible in ISL. They include stories, biographies and historical accounts.
The ISL Dictionary has also been expanded into 11 more languages. The stated goal is to eventually cover all 22 Scheduled Languages. For a language to be used widely, its vocabulary has to travel with it. The expansion of the dictionary is one part of that process.
Taking ISL to the Screen
ISL content is now being live-streamed through PM e-Vidya Channel 31 using direct encoder-based streaming. That puts educational material in a format that deaf viewers can access through a dedicated ISL channel, rather than having to rely only on spoken content.
Digital resources and translated material cannot cover every interaction. There is still a need for people who can interpret between ISL and spoken languages. At the event, DEPwD Joint Secretary Rajeev Sharma spoke about the growing demand for ISL interpreters across different fields.
The new teaching material for the Diploma in Indian Sign Language Interpretation and Diploma in Teaching Indian Sign Language courses is part of this effort. It points to a practical challenge: making information available in ISL is one part of access. Having enough trained people to support communication is another.
What this Looks Like in Ordinary Life
The ISL version of Vande Mataram may have been one of the more visible moments at the event. But the changes taking place in classrooms, books and digital learning are closer to the everyday experience of deaf people.
For a young child, it could mean learning a new word from a picture book in ISL. For a student, it could mean following a lesson in a language they understand. For a reader, it could mean picking up a story, biography or history book in ISL. And for someone who needs to communicate directly, it could mean having an interpreter to help bridge the conversation.
Taken together, these efforts are about making ISL useful beyond a classroom or a special occasion, as a language through which deaf people can learn, read, find information and take part in public life. That is what this year’s Sign Language Day, themed “Declaring Deaf People’s Human Rights”, sought to put into focus.