Earth
122 Forests, 3.2 Million Trees: How One Man Built the World’s Largest Miyawaki Forest
Meet the man who has created 122 forests—including the world’s largest Miyawaki ecosystem. His 3.2 million trees are cooling Indian cities, reviving water tables, and restoring biodiversity.

In an era when deforestation and climate change threaten ecosystems worldwide, one man from Gujarat—a state on the west coast of India—is rewriting the narrative of environmental restoration.
Dr. Radhakrishnan Nair, fondly known as Nairji, has created 122 forests across India, transforming barren landscapes into thriving ecosystems. His most remarkable achievement, Smritivan (a memorial forest) in Gujarat—recognized as the world’s largest Miyawaki forest—stands as a testament to his vision. Spanning 470 acres and home to over 500,000 trees, this forest is not just a memorial but a beacon of ecological hope. Nair’s work demonstrates how one individual’s determination can combat global warming, restore biodiversity, and inspire communities to embrace a greener future.

From entrepreneur to green crusader
Born in Kasaragod, Kerala, R.K. Nair’s path to becoming India’s “Green Hero” was anything but conventional. After failing his 12th-grade exams, he took on a series of odd jobs, eventually rising to become a successful entrepreneur in the garment industry. But a pivotal moment came in 2011, in Umargam, Gujarat, when he witnessed the felling of 179 ancient trees for road construction. The cries of displaced birds and the destruction of their habitat struck a deep chord.
“I felt the birds were speaking to me,” Nair recalls. “That day, I vowed to create forests where no one would harm them.”
This epiphany led to the founding of Forest Creators with his friend Deepan Jain in 2014. Using corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds, Nair began planting trees—starting with 1,500 saplings on a single acre. Today, he has planted over 3.2 million trees across 12 Indian states—from Gujarat to Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan to Uttar Pradesh. His approach blends the Japanese Miyawaki method, known for rapid and dense forest growth, with a localized adaptation he calls Bharatavanam, tailored to India’s diverse ecosystems.
Smritivan: A green miracle in the Desert
Nair’s crowning achievement is Smritivan, a sprawling forest in Bhuj, Gujarat, established in memory of the 13,805 victims of the 2001 Gujarat earthquake. Originally conceived in 2004 but long stalled, the project gained new life when Nair took charge. Despite the 470-acre terrain being arid and hilly, he began planting in July 2021. “By August 2022, when Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the memorial, the forest had reached an astonishing 16 feet in height, with 223,555 saplings planted in the first phase alone. Today, Smritivan houses over 525,000 trees, with plans to add 40,000 more,” Nair says, in an interview with EdPublica.
A report from the Gujarat Ecology Commission, accessed by EdPublica, highlights Smritivan’s ecological transformation. Now home to 117 tree species, the forest supports 79 bird species, 28 types of butterflies, 21 reptiles, nine mammals, and two species of fish. The dense canopy and mulched soil prevent erosion, retain moisture, and enrich the land with organic matter. “With an 86% tree survival rate, species like neem and casuarina are flourishing,” according to the report published in 2023.

The forest has also led to localized temperature reductions, while its 50 check dams help replenish groundwater. A one-megawatt solar plant further bolsters its sustainability, making Smriti Van a global model of eco-restoration.
A report from the Gujarat Ecology Commission, accessed by EdPublica, highlights Smritivan’s ecological transformation. Now home to 117 tree species, the forest supports 79 bird species, 28 types of butterflies, 21 reptiles, nine mammals, and two species of fish
Industrialist Anand Mahindra recently shared a viral post on X, praising Nair for building the world’s largest Miyawaki forest.
Ecological impact: Restoring balance
Nair’s forests are more than green patches—they are ecological engines. “In Chhattisgarh, the coastal forest of 103,000 trees raised groundwater levels dramatically—from 160 feet to just 12 feet—reviving wells and sustaining communities,” Nair claims. Across India, his forests have restored biodiversity, attracted wildlife, and helped rebuild natural food chains.
The Gujarat Ecology Commission underscores Smriti Van’s role in carbon sequestration, a vital tool against climate change. Experts recommend ongoing assessments to quantify its carbon storage potential, which could significantly offset emissions.
Nair’s method ensures long-term ecological success. He doesn’t merely plant trees—he nurtures ecosystems. By selecting native species suited to local conditions, his forests are resilient and sustainable. They grow 10 times faster than natural forests, mimicking 150-year-old ecosystems in just 10–15 years. Dense planting (3–4 saplings per square meter) encourages vertical growth, mimicking natural competition for sunlight.
A Vision for the future
Nair’s ambition is bold: planting one billion trees by 2030. Backed by governments, corporations, and citizens, Forest Creators is scaling up to meet this audacious goal. His work has earned international acclaim, including an invitation to represent India at a NASA conference and a UNESCO Prix Versailles award for Smritivan.
Yet, Nair remains grounded—dressed in his signature white mundu, shirt, and cap—a nod to his Malayali roots and the spirit of India’s farmers.
Beyond ecology, Nair’s forests are also community spaces. Smriti Van has become a popular destination for its tranquil trails and vibrant festivals, with 94% of surveyed visitors citing its fresh air and peacefulness. Future plans include guided tours and educational programs to engage youth in environmental stewardship.
A Global inspiration
R.K. Nair’s story is a clarion call for individual action in the face of global crises. His 122 forests—especially the monumental Smritivan—showcase what one person’s vision and persistence can achieve. By restoring biodiversity, cooling urban climates, and sequestering carbon, Nair’s work supports global efforts to fight climate change. As he marches toward his billion-tree goal, he reminds us that a single seed, planted with purpose, can grow into a forest of change.
Earth
Spotted Deer Introduced in Gujarat’s Banni Grasslands, India to Aid Biodiversity Restoration
The translocation, conducted in collaboration with the wildlife conservation initiative Vantara, is part of an effort to enhance biodiversity in one of Asia’s largest and most fragile grassland ecosystems

In a move aimed at supporting ecological restoration in the Banni Grasslands, Gujarat, India, the State Forest Department has introduced 20 spotted deer into a protected 70-hectare area within the landscape. The translocation, conducted in collaboration with the wildlife conservation initiative Vantara, is part of an effort to enhance biodiversity in one of Asia’s largest and most fragile grassland ecosystems. Vantara is a wildlife conservation initiative founded by Anant Ambani, a board member of Reliance Industries, one of India’s largest conglomerates. Vantara operates the Greens Zoological, Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre in Jamnagar, which served as the source facility for the spotted deer.
The spotted deer, also known as chital (Axis axis), were translocated from Vantara’s ex-situ conservation facility in Jamnagar. They were moved in specially designed ambulances and released under the direct supervision of the Forest Department. Vantara provided logistical and veterinary support to ensure adherence to conservation protocols during the process.
The Banni Grasslands, stretching over 2,600 sq. km in Gujarat’s Kutch district, are a unique arid ecosystem that supports a range of wildlife. According to regional biodiversity surveys, 12 species of mammals have been recorded in the area, including six carnivores such as the Indian wolf and striped hyena, and two herbivores, including the Indian gazelle.
Forest officials and experts from Vantara jointly conducted a field assessment ahead of the deer release to evaluate habitat conditions and inform future rewilding strategies. The review included ecological suitability checks and outlined key habitat restoration measures.
Dr. Brij Kishor Gupta, Director of the Greens Zoological, Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre under Vantara, noted the importance of science-driven collaboration in the effort.
“This initiative reflects a collaborative approach to conservation, where scientific expertise and logistical support are combined to strengthen biodiversity in the Banni Grasslands. Contributing to government-led efforts, the focus remains on achieving meaningful conservation outcomes through partnerships grounded in shared objectives.”

The Gujarat Forest Department has been working to manage ecological pressures in Banni through habitat restoration, control of invasive species, and promotion of native grass growth—critical to sustaining herbivore populations and the carnivores that depend on them.
While the introduction of spotted deer is a notable milestone, experts emphasize that such rewilding interventions must be closely monitored. Ecologists point out that herbivore populations can influence vegetation dynamics, and the long-term impact on the grassland’s carrying capacity and predator-prey relationships remains to be studied.
For now, the project marks a rare instance of coordinated public-private conservation action in India’s grasslands—ecosystems often overshadowed by forests and wetlands in national conservation discourse. As such, it could serve as a model for future wildlife restoration efforts in similar landscapes.
Earth
How Barn Owls Brought Nature, Knowledge, and Heart to a South African Campus
At the University of the Free State, South Africa, a quiet conservation story unfolds above the bookshelves – reminding us that even academic spaces can grow wings.

High above the rows of books and hushed reading tables of the Sasol Library at the University of the Free State (UFS), something unexpected is taking flight. A pair of barn owls have made their home in the library’s roof, quietly raising their young and shifting the way an entire academic community sees its role in the world. Their story, both poetic and practical, is becoming a symbol of collaboration, compassion, and conservation.
The owls aren’t just guests—they’re catalysts. What began as a distressed bird outside the library in 2023 has transformed into a university-wide initiative blending science, storytelling, and shared stewardship.
“Our library is a living ecosystem”
For Prof Vasu Reddy, Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Internationalisation, the owls are more than a charming anecdote.
“If we consider Shakespeare’s play, All’s Well That Ends Well, then the presence of the owls in the Sasol Library confirms another meaning of that play,”
“Love,” Prof Reddy says, “is not always considered noble, but is something persistent, and our library is not just a building, but a living ecosystem where precious documents, people, and even animals can interact, shape, and nurture our lives.”

That idea—that libraries are not only homes to knowledge, but habitats for life—is now echoed across campus.
A rescue that became a movement
The turning point came when Tanya Scherman, from the Centre for Teaching and Learning, spotted a sick owl near the library—likely a victim of secondary poisoning from a contaminated rodent.
“It appeared that the owl had been poisoned,” she recalls. “I phoned around trying to find more knowledgeable people who could help.”
Her outreach brought in a network of allies, including the Owl Rescue Centre in Pretoria, a local vet, and Prof Francois Deacon from the Department of Animal Sciences.
“As someone passionate about urban wildlife conservation, I saw a great opportunity – not just to support the owls, but to involve students in hands-on learning,” says Prof Deacon.
Together with his postgraduate students, Ruan Higgs and Kaitlyn Taylor, the team designed a custom nesting box and installed a motion-activated infrared camera to monitor owl activity safely. For Scherman, building the box was a family affair.
“I worked with my dad to build it,” she shares. “He’s an avid animal lover too… It was such a special moment to share with my family.”
From research to relationships
The project has already yielded tangible outcomes. In 2023, the owl pair successfully raised two owlets. This year, six eggs were laid—three owlets are visible so far.

“It captures feeding events, chick development, and parental behaviour,” says Prof Deacon. “This kind of passive monitoring is invaluable… These owls are teaching tools.”
Their footage has already formed the basis for student research on owl diet, nesting habits, and ecological adaptation. And the benefits go beyond science.
“What’s been most rewarding was how many people came together around this – from librarians to students to scientists. We built friendships, not just a nest box.”
Even librarian Hesma van Tonder joined a giraffe capture excursion with Deacon’s team. These moments, Deacon says, are where research and real-life adventure meet.
Symbols of wisdom – and survival
For Scherman, the owls touch something deeper than academic interest.
“My grandparents also had a special connection to owls… When we saw the baby owlets, I naturally felt like I was being promoted to an owl-granny!”
She also hopes to change cultural perceptions around these often-misunderstood birds.
“It’s understandable,” she says, “with their eerie calls, white faces, and ghost-like flight. But they are also messengers, protectors, and symbols of wisdom in many traditions.”
From reducing rodent populations naturally to serving as symbols of coexistence, barn owls bring both ecological and educational value.
“A single owl pair can eat hundreds of rodents in a breeding season,” says Prof Deacon. “We found remains of small birds and insects in their regurgitated pellets… which shows just how active and adaptive they are in an urban environment.”
But risks remain—road traffic, noise, and poisoning threaten their safety. That’s why Scherman and Deacon urge the campus community to be mindful.
“Don’t try to help an injured owl yourself,” says Scherman. “Rather contact Prof Deacon or me… We’re here to assist.”
“Awareness builds respect,” Prof Deacon adds. “Simple behaviours, such as keeping windows closed at night near the roost, go a long way.”
Where silence meets storytelling
As word spread, the initiative grew in meaning—turning the Sasol Library into more than a study space. It’s now a symbol of the university’s values in action.
“It is clear that what may be seen as a disruptive incident with an owl swooping into our library space is also a pedagogical and deeply conservation touchdown,” reflects Prof Reddy.
“Our barn owl event tells us that our library is also a space where silence meets storytelling… where every creature’s story has a rightful place.”
Looking forward
The team is already dreaming bigger. Deacon hopes to expand the project into green corridors, rooftop biodiversity zones, and support for species like bats and pollinators. He sees it as the start of a new kind of campus culture—one rooted in curiosity and care.
“If our university matters and is to remain meaningful,” Prof Reddy says, “our accidental visitors have given new impetus to the fact that our library space holds our stories, and they are making places for new ones as part of our responsible societal futures.”
As the owls continue their quiet vigil above the Sasol Library, they leave more than pellets behind. They leave a legacy of connection—between people, nature, and the pursuit of knowledge. And in that space, where a library became a nest, a new kind of learning has taken flight.
Earth
Meltwater ponds might have sheltered life during earth’s deep freeze
During this time, the planet was believed to be encased in ice, with global temperatures plummeting to as low as -50°C

In a study published in Nature Communications, scientists from MIT have proposed that shallow meltwater ponds may have provided critical refuges for early complex life during one of Earth’s most extreme ice ages — the “Snowball Earth” period, which occurred between 635 and 720 million years ago.
During this time, the planet was believed to be encased in ice, with global temperatures plummeting to as low as -50°C. Despite the harsh conditions, complex cellular life — known as eukaryotes — managed to survive. The new research suggests that these life forms could have found sanctuary in small, briny pools formed on the surface of equatorial ice sheets.
“Meltwater ponds are valid candidates for where early eukaryotes could have sheltered during these planet-wide glaciation events,” said lead author Fatima Husain, a graduate researcher in MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, in a media statement. “This shows us that diversity is present and possible in these sorts of settings. It’s really a story of life’s resilience.”
The team drew parallels between ancient equatorial ice sheets and modern Antarctic conditions. They studied contemporary meltwater ponds on Antarctica’s McMurdo Ice Shelf — an area first dubbed “dirty ice” by explorers in the early 20th century. These ponds, formed by sun-warmed dark debris trapped within surface ice, provided a modern analog to the possible melt environments of the Cryogenian Period.
Samples taken from these Antarctic ponds revealed clear signatures of eukaryotic life. Using chemical and genetic analysis, including the identification of sterols and ribosomal RNA, the researchers detected algae, protists, and microscopic animals — all descendants of early eukaryotes. Each pond supported unique communities, with differences shaped largely by salinity levels.
“No two ponds were alike,” Husain noted. “There are repeating casts of characters, but they’re present in different abundances. We found diverse assemblages of eukaryotes from all the major groups in all the ponds studied.”
These findings suggest that meltwater ponds — overlooked in previous hypotheses — could have served as vital “above-ice oases” for survival and even diversification during Snowball Earth.
“There are many hypotheses for where life could have survived and sheltered during the Cryogenian, but we don’t have excellent analogs for all of them,” Husain explained. “Above-ice meltwater ponds occur on Earth today and are accessible, giving us the opportunity to really focus in on the eukaryotes which live in these environments.”
The study was co-authored by MIT’s Roger Summons, Thomas Evans (formerly MIT), Jasmin Millar of Cardiff University, Anne Jungblut of the Natural History Museum in London, and Ian Hawes of the University of Waikato in New Zealand.
By uncovering how life may have persisted through Earth’s frozen past, the research not only deepens understanding of our planet’s history — it may also help inform the search for life on icy worlds beyond Earth.
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