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How childhood stress can undermine memory skills

Experts say that children are more stressed than adults. This is due to constantly having to face new and confusing situations. Researchers have found that childhood stress can affect memory skill of students.

Veena M A

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Image credit: Gen Matic from Pixabay

Many children today transition from playfulness and innocence to mental stress and other worries during adolescence. It is crucial to understand children’s issues and actively seek solutions rather than fretting over them. These challenges during a critical stage of development can significantly impact children’s memory and intelligence.

A world full of happiness and no worries… Such is the view of parents and guardians about the world of children. They don’t have to worry about work to be done or responsibilities, so what’s the stress on them? But the data coming out about children’s mental health suggests that these are all just our misconceptions.

The number of children seeking counseling and mental health treatment is increasing day by day. To those who wonder what tension they have for this alone, they say, many. At a very young age, children experience minor stress or mental tension!

What is stress?

What is stress if it affects even children? Stress is the body’s coping mechanism to deal with and adapt to challenging situations. A balance of demands from multiple sources or the ability to meet them leads to stress. Such demands may come from family, work, school, or friends, and sometimes one’s own demands can also lead to stress. Stress occurs when the demand and the ability to meet it do not match.

Dr Rashmi Prakash, a member of the Australian Psychological Society, says that a small amount of stress is beneficial to children. But stress can have long-term effects on children if it goes too far

Stress occurs in children for many reasons. The worry of missing parents at a very young age, academic issues later in life, social pressures, mental and physical abuse, problems between parents and isolation all contribute to stress in children. Dr Rashmi Prakash, a member of the Australian Psychological Society, says that a small amount of stress is beneficial to children. But stress can have long-term effects on children if it goes too far. Recently Indian researchers have found that childhood stress can affect memory skill of students.

Research conducted by a team consisting of Radha Raghuraman, Anoop Manakadan, Gal Richer Levin, and Sreedharan Sajikumar, in 2022, found that childhood stress can have a detrimental effect on memory.

How to spot stress in children

Stress and related problems in children can be difficult to identify, but sudden anger, mood swings, misbehaviour, changes in sleep patterns, and bedwetting can all be considered signs of stress. Some may also experience physical effects due to stress. For example, stomach ache and headache. Others have symptoms such as lack of concentration and inability to complete studies. Apart from this, being away from everyone and spending a lot of time alone is a sign of stress. Signs of stress include thumb-slapping, hair-twisting, nose-picking in young children, and lying, bullying, and backbiting in adults. Stressed out children can get into big fights even over small things. Falling behind in studies is also a symptom of stress.

Image credit: Pixabay

The connection between stress and memory

Experts say that children are more stressed than adults. This is due to constantly having to face new and confusing situations. Children are greatly influenced by the expectations placed on them by the adults around them, especially parents and teachers. Children often judge themselves by those expectations. When those expectations are not met or when their skills, abilities, and pride are called into question, they are unable to cope.

Separation from parents especially mother, physical or mental abuse, fear etc. can lead children of any age to stress

Recent studies have shown that stress levels in children have been on the rise over the past few decades. Radha Raghuraman says that exposure to stress during childhood can affect the ability to connect different types of memories as adults. The research team conducted studies on this in mice. As the juvenile phase in mice is equivalent to the adolescent phase in humans, adolescent stress is the main concern here. Radha explains that since the structures of the memory-related brain regions of mice and humans are almost identical, their findings may hold true for humans as well.

Separation from parents especially mother, physical or mental abuse, fear etc. can lead children of any age to stress. Depending on the age at which stress occurs, how long it has lasted, the intensity, and the type of stress, the changes it causes in the body and behaviour will vary.

Adolescent stress stimulates certain epigenetic factors. Like a gene, a piece of DNA that carries information necessary for specific functions in a cell, an epi-gene is a factor that causes a gene to decide whether or not to express the information in the gene, and if so, how much to express.

Parental proximity also plays a major role in reducing stress in adolescents. Even after work, you should be interested in sitting with the children and asking about their affairs.

Through their study, Radha and his team found that stress during adolescence results in increased activation of the epi-gene G9a/GLP. It affects the formation of certain proteins that stabilise newly formed memories. As a result, memories that have already been formed are perfected and as they grow, there is no room for other memories that come in connection with them. Associative memory is the ability to connect existing memories with recent or recent events and find similarities and dissimilarities between them. Adolescent stress mainly affects associative memory. Radha says that G9a/GLP was found to be significantly higher in stressed mice. The researchers also found that associative memory was restored when G9a/GLP was blocked with the drug.

How to save children from stress

Adequate rest, nutritious food, closeness, attention and care of parents can give children a lot of relief from stress. Parents should try to be with their children when they want. If you notice that there are any problems, talk to them openly instead of thinking that they will tell you here.

Image credit: Pixabay

Parental proximity also plays a major role in reducing stress in adolescents. Even after work, you should be interested in sitting with the children and asking about their affairs.

Studies remind us that stress during adolescence should be viewed more cautiously than stress at any other time. Adolescence is also a period of growth in children. Facing stress at a time when the development of many important organs including the brain is not complete can lead to many types of consequences while growing up.

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The Dragon and the Elephant Dance for a Cleaner World

New reports from the IEA and Ember show that China and India are leading a global turning point — where renewables now outpace fossil fuels.

Dipin Damodharan

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Illustration of a Chinese dragon and Indian elephant made of solar panels and wind turbines dancing over Earth with a light background showing a subtle map of Asia and interconnected global energy grid lines, symbolizing the surge in renewable energy growth led by China and India surpassing fossil fuels in 2025
Symbolic representation of China’s dragon and India’s elephant, formed from solar panels and wind turbines, dancing above a lightly mapped Asia and global grid, illustrating their leadership in the renewable energy revolution/EdPublica

In late September, EdPublica reported an inspirational story from Perinjanam, a quiet coastal village in the South Indian state Kerala, where rooftops gleam with solar panels and homes have turned into micro power plants. It was a story of how ordinary citizens, through community effort and government support, took part in a just energy transition.

That local story, seemingly small, was in fact a mirror of a far bigger movement unfolding worldwide. Now, two major global reports–one from the International Energy Agency (IEA) and another from the independent think tank Ember–confirm that the world is entering a decisive new phase in its energy transformation. Together, their findings show that 2025 is shaping up to be the turning point year: the moment when renewables not only surpassed coal but began meeting all new global electricity demand. The year will likely be remembered as the moment when the global energy transition stopped being a promise and became a measurable reality — led by the two Asian giants, China and India.

The Global Picture: IEA’s Big Forecast

‘The IEA’s Renewables 2025’ report, released on October 7, paints an extraordinary picture of growth and possibility. Despite global headwinds — including high interest rates, supply chain bottlenecks, and policy shifts — renewable energy capacity is projected to more than double by 2030, adding 4,600 gigawatts (GW) of new renewable power.

To grasp that number: it’s equivalent to building the entire current electricity generation capacity of China, the European Union, and Japan combined.

At the centre of this boom is solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, which will account for around 80% of the total growth. The IEA calls solar “the backbone of the energy transition,” driven by falling costs, faster permitting processes, and widespread adoption across emerging economies. Wind, hydropower, bioenergy, and geothermal follow closely behind, expanding capacity even as global systems adapt to higher shares of variable power.

“The growth in global renewable capacity in the coming years will be dominated by solar PV – but with wind, hydropower, bioenergy and geothermal all contributing, too,” said Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the IEA. “As renewables’ role in electricity systems rises in many countries, policymakers need to play close attention to supply chain security and grid integration challenges.”

The IEA forecasts particularly rapid progress in emerging markets. India is set to become the second-largest renewables growth market in the world, after China, reaching its ambitious 2030 targets comfortably. The report highlights new policy instruments — such as auction programs and rooftop solar incentives — that are spurring confidence across Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.

In India, the expansion of corporate power purchase agreements, utility contracts, and merchant renewable plants is also driving a quiet revolution, accounting for nearly 30% of global renewable capacity expansion to 2030.

At the same time, challenges remain. The IEA points to a worrying concentration of solar PV manufacturing in China, where over 90% of supply chain capacity for key components like polysilicon and rare earth materials is expected to remain by 2030.

Grid integration is another bottleneck. As solar and wind grow, many countries are already facing curtailments — when renewable power cannot be fed into the grid due to overload or mismatch in demand. The IEA stresses the need for urgent investment in transmission infrastructure, storage technologies, and flexible generation to prevent this momentum from being wasted.

Evidence on the Ground

If the IEA’s report is a map of where we’re going, Ember’s Mid-Year Global Electricity Review 2025 shows where we are right now — and the signs are unmistakable.

Ember’s data, covering the first half of 2025, reveals that solar and wind met all of the world’s rising electricity demand — and even caused a slight decline in fossil fuel generation. It’s a first in recorded history.

“We are seeing the first signs of a crucial turning point,” said Małgorzata Wiatros-Motyka, Senior Electricity Analyst at Ember. “Solar and wind are now growing fast enough to meet the world’s growing appetite for electricity. This marks the beginning of a shift where clean power is keeping pace with demand growth.”

Global electricity demand rose by 2.6% in early 2025, adding about 369 terawatt-hours (TWh) compared with the same period last year. Solar alone met 83% of that rise, thanks to record generation growth of 306 TWh, a year-on-year increase of 31%. Wind contributed another 97 TWh, leading to a net decline in both coal and gas generation.

Coal generation fell 0.6% (-31 TWh) and gas 0.2% (-6 TWh), marking a combined fossil decline of 0.3% (-27 TWh). As a result, global power sector emissions fell by 0.2%, even as demand continued to grow.

Most significantly, for the first time ever, renewables generated more power than coal. Renewables supplied 5,072 TWh, overtaking coal’s 4,896 TWh — a symbolic but historic milestone.

“Solar and wind are no longer marginal technologies — they are driving the global power system forward,” said Sonia Dunlop, CEO of the Global Solar Council. “The fact that renewables have overtaken coal for the first time marks a historic shift.”

China and India Lead the Way

The two reports together highlight that the epicenter of the clean energy shift is now in Asia.

According to Ember, China’s fossil generation fell by 2% (-58.7 TWh) in the first half of 2025, as clean power growth outpaced rising electricity demand. Solar generation jumped 43% (+168 TWh), and wind grew 16% (+79 TWh), together helping cut the country’s power sector emissions by 1.7% (-47 MtCO₂).

Meanwhile, India’s fossil fuel decline was even steeper in relative terms. Solar and wind generation grew at record pace — solar by 25% (+17 TWh) and wind by 29% (+11 TWh) — while electricity demand rose only 1.3%, far slower than in 2024. The result: coal use dropped 3.1% (-22 TWh) and gas by 34% (-7 TWh), leading to an estimated 3.6% fall in power sector emissions.

For both countries, these numbers align closely with the IEA’s projections. Together, China and India are now the primary engines of renewable capacity growth, demonstrating how large emerging economies can pivot toward clean energy while maintaining development momentum.

Setbacks Elsewhere

Yet progress is uneven. In the United States and European Union, fossil generation actually rose in early 2025.

In the U.S., a 3.6% rise in demand outpaced clean power additions, leading to a 17% increase in coal generation (+51 TWh), though gas use fell slightly. The EU also saw higher gas and coal use due to weaker wind and hydro output.

The IEA attributes part of this slowdown to policy uncertainty, especially in the U.S., where an early phase-out of federal tax incentives has reduced renewable growth expectations by almost 50% compared to last year’s forecast. Europe’s problem is different — a mature but strained grid facing seasonal fluctuations and low wind output.

These regional discrepancies underscore the IEA’s core message: achieving a clean power future isn’t just about building more solar farms, but about building smarter systems — integrated, flexible, and resilient.

Beyond Power

Both reports agree that while renewables are transforming electricity, their impact on transport and heating remains limited.

In transport, the IEA projects renewables’ share to rise modestly from 4% today to 6% in 2030, mostly through electric vehicles and biofuels. In heating, renewables are set to grow from 14% to 18% of global energy use over the same period.

These slower-moving sectors will define the next frontier of decarbonization — one where electrification, hydrogen, and new thermal storage technologies must play a greater role.

The Big Picture

Put together, the IEA’s forecasts and Ember’s real-world data signal that the clean energy transition has passed the point of no return.

Solar and wind are no longer simply catching up — they are now shaping global power dynamics. Their continued expansion is not only meeting new demand but beginning to displace fossil fuels outright.

“As costs of technologies continue to fall, now is the perfect moment to embrace the economic, social and health benefits that come with increased solar, wind and batteries,” said Ember’s Wiatros-Motyka.

Yet both agencies caution: to sustain this momentum, governments must expand grid capacity, diversify supply chains, and improve energy storage systems. Without these, the 2025 breakthrough could become a bottleneck.

A Symbol and a Signal

In a way, the world in 2025 looks a lot like Perinjanam did a few years ago — a place where optimism met obstacles, but the light won. What was once a village-scale transition is now a planetary transformation, proving that even small local models can foreshadow global change.

From Kerala’s rooftops to China’s vast solar parks, from India’s wind corridors to Africa’s mini-grids, the direction is unmistakable: the sun and wind are powering the next phase of human progress.

If 2024 was the year of warnings, 2025 is the year of evidence. The global energy system is finally tilting toward sustainability — not someday, but today.

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FIFA, ICC and F1 accused of greenwashing as Aramco sponsorships clash with climate goals

Human-rights and climate groups urge FIFA, F1, and ICC to cut Aramco sponsorships, warning deals clash with Paris climate goals.

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Ten human-rights and climate groups have written to FIFA, Formula 1 and the ICC demanding they justify their multi-million-dollar sponsorship deals with Saudi Aramco, warning that the arrangements undermine both international climate targets and the sports’ own sustainability commitments.

The letters argue that accepting money from the world’s biggest oil producer while signing up to UN sport-for-climate initiatives exposes a glaring credibility gap. Aramco has repeatedly declared its intent to expand oil and gas production, a stance that campaigners say is fundamentally incompatible with rapid decarbonisation.

Frank Huisingh of Fossil Free Football said, in a statement, “FIFA and other sports bodies cannot claim to champion human rights or sustainability while they sell their platform to a big polluter — especially when that polluter uses our favourite sports to promote fossil fuels and stop the climate action we all need.”

Maryam Aldossari of ALQST warned, “Sports bodies that give Aramco a global audience are helping to strengthen the country’s harsh autocratic system, where criticism of the government is punishable by prison, and a journalist was executed earlier this year.”

New Zealand international Katie Rood added, “the leaders of sports like FIFA and Formula 1 claim that they care about the planet, but it’s impossible to reconcile these commitments with taking money from the largest oil and gas company in the world.”

Critics say Aramco’s growing sports sponsorships are part of a broader strategy to safeguard its status as the world’s largest oil and gas producer. The company has built a global sponsorship portfolio worth more than $1.3 billion across more than 900 agreements. In the coming years, its brand will take center stage as a “Major Worldwide Partner” for the 2026 and 2027 FIFA World Cups, while also serving as a lead sponsor of the 2026 T20 World Cup in India and Sri Lanka.

Sofie Junge Pedersen, Danish international with 88 caps said: “The choice to partner with Aramco helps the Saudi regime distract from its harmful treatment of women and the planet. Values are not just words to write on a page – you need to live them and stand by them. FIFA needs to stand by its set of values on human rights and sustainability, which they are not doing with this sponsorship.”

Wider context

The campaigners’ concerns build on a UN communication issued in August 2023, when Special Rapporteurs cautioned governments and financial institutions that their relationships with Aramco could breach international human-rights law. Although the sports bodies were not directly addressed, activists say the logic applies: by platforming Aramco, global sport risks complicity in the same climate-driven harms.

The controversy underlines sport’s climate credibility crisis. Global governing bodies have pledged to align with the Paris Agreement, but fossil-fuel sponsorships cut directly against those promises. The question now is whether commercial deals worth hundreds of millions outweigh the reputational cost of being seen as enablers of greenwashing.

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Big Fashion’s Fossil-Fuel Addiction: The Clean Heat Opportunity Being Ignored

Despite having a combined turnover of over $2.7 trillion, major fashion brands are lagging on electrification and renewable energy targets, risking both the environment and human rights.

Dipin Damodharan

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Image credit: Fashion Revolution

The global fashion industry, worth a staggering $2.7 trillion, is still clinging to coal and other fossil fuels, putting both the planet and garment workers at risk, according to a damning new report by Fashion Revolution.

Fashion Revolution is a leading global movement advocating for a more ethical and sustainable fashion industry. With a presence in 76 countries, they unite citizens, industry leaders, and policymakers through groundbreaking research, education, and powerful advocacy, driving change from the ground up

The second edition of ‘What Fuels Fashion?’ reveals that despite glossy sustainability claims, most of the world’s biggest fashion brands are failing to tackle their most urgent climate responsibility: switching to clean heat.

‘Clean Heat’ is the use of renewables to meet manufacturing’s thermal energy demand, through solutions such as heat pumps and electric boilers

 ‘Clean Heat’ is the use of renewables to meet manufacturing’s thermal energy demand, through solutions such as heat pumps and electric boilers. This renewable, fossil-free energy could slash emissions from textile production while protecting workers from life-threatening heat stress.

The International Energy Agency warns that to achieve climate commitments, fashion brands need to help their supply chains shift entirely to electric and renewable energy by 2040. Meanwhile, a new study by the American Lung Association highlights the health and climate benefits of replacing fossil-fuelled industrial boilers with heat pumps.

Yet the report’s findings paint a bleak picture. Only 18% of brands have coal phase-out targets for textile processing, and none account for purchased steam — a major emissions source. A paltry 7% disclose any efforts to electrify high-heat processes, even though proven technologies exist, the report points out.



90 brands scored zero on supply chain traceability, with many publicly listed — a glaring accountability gap for investors.

“Fashion brands love to promote innovative new products, but the Victorian-era reality of burning coal and wood to manufacture them is quietly swept under the rug,” said Ruth MacGilp, Fashion Campaign Manager at Action Speaks Louder.

The report also highlights a human cost often ignored in sustainability PR campaigns. As global temperatures rise, garment workers face increasingly unsafe factory conditions — yet not a single brand discloses factory-level heat and humidity data. “The path to decarbonisation will be won or lost by how fashion tackles heat,” warned Liv Simpliciano, Head of Policy & Research at Fashion Revolution.

Some high-profile names fared particularly badly. 39 major brands, including Forever 21, Reebok, Ted Baker, and Van Heusen, scored zero. At the top end, H&M (71%) and Puma (51%) led the rankings, but even leaders fell far short of full marks.

With fewer than a third of brands showing actual emissions reductions, and just 6% investing in renewable energy or efficiency, campaigners argue that fashion’s sustainability drive remains more marketing than meaningful change.

“The textiles industry has the chance to lead,” said Jan Rosenow, Professor of Energy and Climate Policy at Oxford University. “Process heat rarely exceeds 250°C — the technical barriers to moving away from fossil fuels are low. Companies must commit now.”

The report concludes with a blunt warning: unless brands embrace clean heat, they will continue to fuel climate breakdown while exposing workers to unsafe conditions — a toxic combination that could unravel fashion’s future far faster than fleeting trends ever could.

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