Society
Why mother language-based science education is essential
All people are touched by science; shouldn’t that be universally understood? Shouldn’t everyone take part in this?
EdPublica looks into the importance of mother language-based science education in the context of International Mother Language Day on February 21. We believe that the global fabric of linguistic diversity is facing a growing threat with the rapid disappearance of numerous languages over time.
Science is not democratic; it is an elitist activity…an Indian theoretical physicist once said. He means that science is not that democratic, so everyone does not need to learn, only the elite should learn. Does it make sense? All people are touched by science; shouldn’t that be universally understood? Shouldn’t everyone take part in this?
It should, but one big barrier is the language itself. Further democratising science education in the mother tongue will make this difficult topic more accessible to all.
The setting was a typical English-medium school in a rural village in the South Indian state of Kerala. The teacher seemed to be taking classes for 6th or 7th graders. She was reading the book in English without missing a single line. The teacher was very excited. However, the children’s body language did not show much enthusiasm. Many students’ expressions were just filled with a sense that they had heard something. The class was about light or something. The subject of the school visit was different, but I just talked to one or two of the children about what they were learning.

One has nothing to say about the rays of light taught by the teacher. They did not like any questions about what was said in class. A boy named Thomas (name changed) said, ‘Oh, I can’t understand any class in English, bro’.
It was a reality that most subjects taught in English were beyond the comprehension of the students there. Then the question is how to pass the examinations. “It’s a matter of just memorising and writing,” replied one of the boys. It was then that I remembered about the discussions of primary education, especially science education, in indigenous languages. Many children who pass with great marks in subjects including science have no understanding of basic science concepts. Those who are not good at memory are quickly labelled as dumb and will be marginalised in schools. This is not an isolated case but a common ‘phenomenon’ in third-world and developing countries where English is not the main language.
So, the question is: If you don’t understand, how can you learn?
The situation is deplorable if we consider how little practice there is in teaching science concepts in the mother language, particularly concerning children’s daily lives. Language is one of the main reasons why children don’t have a scientific approach to anything when they grow up.
India’s former President and eminent scientist, Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam, was once interacting with students at Dharampeeth Science College, Nagpur. The incident happened in 2011 or so. He encountered a question about how science learning can be made more creative. This was his answer: For a quick grasp of science-related concepts and greater creativity, teach children science in their mother language.

The same was repeated by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in January 2018. The Prime Minister said that children should be taught science in their native languages. But how much the country is still succeeding in that is questionable. It is a relief that the new National Education Policy of India is all in that direction, but the fundamental change needs to come in the mindset of parents and teachers.
What do studies say?
UNESCO’s Global Monitoring Report (GMR) published a landmark study five years ago. It was released on February 21, International Mother Language Day. The study pointed out that providing primary education in a language other than their own can significantly affect the learning process of children.
French is the main language in many West African schools. It is an unfamiliar language to its children. “Naturally, their learning becomes difficult on many levels,” states UNESCO’s policy paper.
As the then UNESCO GMR Director Aaron Benavot told this writer regarding the report, “40 percent of the world’s population does not have access to education in a language they speak or understand. Studying in a non-spoken language regularly sets a student back academically. It affects children from low-income families very deeply.”
UNESCO’s report points out that if children understand the medium of learning, their learning will improve. French is the main language in many West African schools. It is an unfamiliar language to its children. “Naturally, their learning becomes difficult on many levels,” states UNESCO’s policy paper. “Language and ethnicity can combine to produce complex patterns of compounded disadvantage. In Peru, the difference in test scores between indigenous and non-indigenous children in grade 2 is sizeable and increasing.”
Why the bilingual model matters
UNESCO states that children have reached better standards in countries where bilingual programmes have been implemented in the education system. By making learning in their mother tongue possible, children can score better in all subjects. Experts such as Aaron Benavot point to Guatemalan and Ethiopian case studies as proof of this. UNESCO studies say that promoting bilingual education is the best way, even if it is a bit expensive. A bilingual education programme with an emphasis on the mother tongue can make a big difference, although it will create complications in matters including teacher recruitment.
At the same time, just because the study is in the mother language does not necessarily mean that the children will have better scientific aptitude. On the other hand, if science is taught in the mother tongue, the chances of gaining expertise in science are very high. This is mentioned in the new education policy of India. The National Education Policy calls for the use of the local language as the medium of study up to grade 5.

Moreover, such a change is essential for the democratisation of science. Celebrated Indian physicist C V Raman once said that science should be taught in the mother tongue if science is not to be confined to the activities of the elite. Science should be accessible to all. Every human life is related to science. If they want to understand it, science must come to them in a language they know.
Our transition must be to schools that teach science in the language that children speak, beyond mere theories, and relate them to their lives on a practical level. Studies have shown that children become more empowered and confident when they learn in their own language. Because the mother tongue is also related to each person’s sense of identity.
Mother Language Day 2024
UNESCO has put forward a theme for International Mother Language Day celebration 2024 – “Multilingual education is a pillar of intergenerational learning”. Currently, 763 million adults lack basic literacy abilities, and 250 million children and young people do not attend school. UNESCO states that multilingual education is a key component of quality learning, and mother tongue education supports learning, literacy and the acquisition of additional languages.
Earth
Vantara: Inside a Billionaire-Backed Bid to Build a Global Wildlife University
The launch comes at a time when conservation challenges are becoming increasingly complex.
A new private university focused on wildlife conservation and veterinary sciences is being positioned as an ambitious attempt to reshape how the world trains the next generation of conservation professionals—backed by one of Asia’s most influential business families.
The institution, Vantara University, has been launched in western India by a wildlife initiative founded by Anant Ambani, part of the Reliance group. Framed as an integrated academic ecosystem, the project reflects a growing trend where private capital is stepping into areas traditionally led by public institutions and global nonprofits.
Vantara officially describes the university as the “world’s first integrated global university” dedicated to wildlife conservation and veterinary sciences. While the scale and integration may be distinctive, similar disciplines are already taught across universities worldwide, often through specialised schools, research centres, and veterinary colleges.
The claim, therefore, rests less on the existence of such education and more on the attempt to consolidate it within a single, purpose-built institutional framework.
A Shift Toward Education-Led Conservation
The launch comes at a time when conservation challenges are becoming increasingly complex. Climate change, habitat fragmentation, and the spread of zoonotic diseases are reshaping ecosystems and exposing the limits of traditional conservation models.
There is a growing recognition that protecting biodiversity will require not just field interventions, but a systemic expansion of expertise—from wildlife veterinarians and epidemiologists to policy specialists and conservation planners.
Vantara University aims to respond to this gap by bringing together disciplines such as wildlife medicine, genetics, behavioural sciences, epidemiology, and conservation policy under one academic structure.
Blending Science, Scale, and Philosophy
The university’s vision combines scientific training with a philosophical framing rooted in compassion and stewardship. Its design draws inspiration from historical centres of learning, while positioning itself as a modern, purpose-led institution.
“The future of conservation will depend on how we prepare minds and institutions to serve life with compassion, knowledge, and skill,” Anant Ambani said in a statement.
“Vantara University is shaped by a deeply personal journey of witnessing animals in distress and recognising the need for greater capability in their care… the university seeks to nurture a new generation committed to protecting every life.”
Global Ambitions, Local Foundations
Although based in India, the project is clearly aimed at a global audience.
The university plans to offer undergraduate, postgraduate, and specialised programmes, supported by research infrastructure and international collaborations. It also emphasises action-oriented learning, linking academic work with real-world conservation practices.
This approach reflects a broader shift in higher education, where institutions are increasingly expected to produce not just knowledge, but deployable expertise.
The Rise of Private Influence in Conservation
The initiative also highlights a larger structural shift: the growing role of private capital in shaping conservation agendas.
Historically, conservation has been driven by governments, multilateral agencies, and non-profit organisations. However, large-scale funding gaps and the urgency of environmental crises are opening the door for philanthropic and corporate actors to play a more prominent role.
This raises both opportunities and questions.
Private initiatives can accelerate innovation and investment, but they also bring concerns around governance, accountability, and long-term alignment with public interest.
Questions of Access and Impact
As with many specialised institutions, accessibility will be a critical test.
While the university has announced scholarships aimed at supporting students from diverse backgrounds, the broader question remains: can such models scale inclusively, particularly for communities most directly affected by environmental change?
The effectiveness of the initiative will also depend on its ability to influence policy, contribute to global research, and produce professionals equipped to address complex ecological challenges.
A Changing Conservation Landscape
The launch of Vantara University signals a deeper transition in how conservation is being imagined.
Increasingly, the field is moving beyond isolated interventions toward integrated systems that connect science, education, and practice. In this context, universities are not just centres of learning—they are becoming critical infrastructure in the fight to preserve biodiversity.
Whether this particular model succeeds will depend on execution, collaboration, and its ability to move beyond vision into measurable impact.
But its emergence underscores a central reality:
The future of conservation may depend as much on classrooms and laboratories as it does on forests and protected areas.
Health
Lancet Commission Launched to Tackle Health and Justice Impacts of Rising Sea Levels
A new Lancet Commission will examine how rising sea levels impact health, equity, and global systems, with experts calling it an urgent crisis.
A new global commission led by The Lancet has been launched to examine the growing health and justice impacts of sea-level rise, as climate change accelerates risks for millions living in coastal and low-lying regions.
The Lancet Commission on Sea-Level Rise, Health and Justice, announced on April 8, brings together 26 international experts to assess how rising seas are reshaping public health, livelihoods, and global equity.
A Growing Crisis Beyond Climate
Sea-level rise, driven by anthropogenic climate change, is already contributing to displacement, food and water insecurity, and changing patterns of infectious diseases. The Commission marks the first major effort to analyse these intersecting risks through a health-focused lens.
“This commission comes at exactly the right time… sea-level rise is no longer a distant threat. It is already disrupting lives, health and wellbeing, especially for the most vulnerable,” said Christiana Figueres, Co-Chair of the Commission and a former UN climate chief.
Experts warn that the impacts extend far beyond environmental damage, affecting the social and economic fabric of vulnerable communities.
“Rising seas don’t just threaten coastlines, they threaten lives, livelihoods, and basic fairness. This is not only a climate problem. It is a health crisis, a justice crisis, and an urgent call for collective action,” said Jemilah Mahmood, Commissioner, Lancet Commission, and Executive Director of the Sunway Centre for Planetary Health, Malaysia.
An Urgent Global Health Challenge
The Commission is supported by the WHO Asia-Pacific Centre for Environment and Health and aims to generate evidence-based policy recommendations to strengthen adaptation, resilience, and equitable responses.
Dr Sandro Demaio, Director of WHO ACE, emphasised the immediacy of the crisis.
“Sea-level rise is no longer a distant threat — it is a public health emergency unfolding now. Through this WHO supported global Commission, we are clear: inaction is not neutral, it is a choice that puts lives and justice at risk.”
Human Impacts at the Core
The Commission also highlights the disproportionate burden on vulnerable populations, particularly in coastal and low-income regions.
“Rising sea levels are more than an environmental issue; they quietly contaminate water, displace communities, and increase health risks for those least able to cope. Every centimetre of sea level rise is not just a measure of water, but a measure of injustice,” said Kathryn Bowen, Co-Chair of the Commission.
A Defining Policy Moment
With projections suggesting that hundreds of millions of people could be displaced by the end of the century, the Commission aims to inform global policy and strengthen international cooperation.
“Sea-level rise is not just an environmental issue — it is a test of our commitment to people, equity, and future generations,” said Jiho Cha, Member of Parliament, Republic of Korea and Co-Chair of the Commission.
The Commission will contribute to global policy discussions, including international climate platforms, and aims to place human and planetary health at the centre of climate action.
Society
Why Campuses Need a Happiness Officer Now
Rising student stress and depression highlight the need for a happiness officer on campus to promote wellbeing and prevent mental health crises.
As student stress and mental health challenges rise, educational institutions must move beyond symbolic gestures and invest in structured wellbeing systems—starting with a dedicated happiness officer on campus.
The rising need for happiness
20 March was celebrated as the International Day of Happiness.
The idea of creating an International Day of Happiness is a great one; it deserves to be taken seriously. However, there is a need to do much more than celebrate happiness for just one day a year. This becomes crucial when one considers the rising problem of stress, depression and suicides among young people around the world, including in India.
The challenges of stress, depression and suicides among students
The education system places significant pressure on students, yet they are rarely taught how they, their parents, teachers or the system itself can help them cope with this pressure—or how to view their efforts in the right perspective.
Because of a lack of awareness, education and capability, stress has become a major issue in students’ lives, often leading to depression and, in some cases, suicides. These challenges have far-reaching negative impacts across different aspects of life, as supported by multiple research studies.
A happiness officer on campus
Since happiness is an essential ingredient for a fulfilling life—and also acts as a preventive factor in dealing with stress—it is important to give it greater importance in educational institutions.
Institutions already place heavy demands on faculty and staff, who may not have the time to actively focus on student wellbeing. In this context, employing a dedicated happiness officer to address health and wellbeing on campus could be a significant step forward.

The happiness officer’s primary responsibility should be to raise awareness about happiness, as well as the dangers of stress and depression, among students, faculty, staff and others on campus. This awareness must be continuous rather than occasional.
The second responsibility should be to organise regular programmes in engaging ways, covering themes such as what happiness is, why it matters, and how it can be cultivated, alongside practical approaches to understanding, avoiding and managing stress.

The third responsibility should be to track individuals who may be experiencing stress or depression and ensure they receive timely support. Additional responsibilities can be developed depending on the needs and context of each institution.
Avoiding the trap of tokenism
However, awareness initiatives and programmes must be implemented with sincerity and intent. The happiness officer must work in both letter and spirit to create meaningful impact, rather than simply fulfilling formal requirements.
This role should not fall into the common institutional trap where ticking boxes becomes more important than creating real change on the ground.
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